The impact of a photovoltaic (PV) panel on runoff and sediment in a slope was tested. The key impact of the PV panel is preventing soil detachment by raindrop impacts. The PV panel slope produced 27 %−63 % less soil erosion than the control slope. The PV panel delayed runoff start time under rainfall with heavy rainfall intensities.
The preeminent slope angle of solar panels is an important determinant of falling solar radiation on the surface of photovoltaic panels. Characteristics of the position of latitude, the sun, and local geography must be explained and understood to determine the slope angle correctly.
The slope gradient of the experiment slopes is about 8.7%, which is within the range of normal slope for PV power plants (Anwarzai and Nagasaka, 2017, Irena, 2013, Yushchenko et al., 2018).
This was attributed to the weakened splash erosion on the slope section under the PV panel due to the rainfall interception by the panel, which indicated that the key impact of the PV panel was preventing soil detachment by raindrop impacts.
Under different rainfall intensities, the total runoff of the PV panel slope was 0.7–4.0 % lower than that of the control slope (Table 2). The hydrographs of the two slopes were also quite close (see Fig. 5). The differences in peak discharge rates between the two slopes were lower than 3.5% (Table 2).
Hillslope areas contain a large portion of land which is suitable for large-scale PV installations (Fig. 1) (Kim and Park, 2021, Yang et al., 2019), and there is a wide range of acceptable slopes for PV power plant installation (from 5 to 11.3°) (Anwarzai and Nagasaka, 2017, Charabi and Gastli, 2011, Irena, 2013, Yushchenko et al., 2018).
Impact of solar panels on runoff generation process
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