In this study, by analyzing the effect of battery-capacity deviation on the aging of individual cells, it was confirmed that the capacity deviation increased as the battery was used, resulting in an increase in the total amount of compensation current.
Determining battery capacity as a function of discharge rate allows a correct calculation of the capacity and operation time. Autonomy is essential for applications where additional power cannot be easily obtained as in electric vehicles [ , , ].
As the capacity deviation among batteries connected in series increases, the lifespan of a battery with a relatively small capacity is decreased, and the lifespan of a battery with a relatively large capacity is increased.
This has led to a reference nominal capacity of 24.98 Ah instead of the 26.1 Ah value, which, in fact, is the real reference value of the battery capacity for the 20 h discharge. This can be done for any reference-discharging time. The potential fit of the f n correlation for the corrected reference nominal capacity is shown in Eq. (13).
Once the f n coefficient has been obtained, the battery capacity can be determined by simply multiplying the factor for the nominal capacity, C n, as indicated in Eq. (1). The tests were repeated for battery capacities of 2.6 Ah, 4.4 Ah, 8 Ah, and 15 Ah.
Due to the voltage deviation occurring at this time, the cutoff condition during discharge is based on the cell voltage of the cell with the smallest capacity. Therefore, determining the usage capacity of series-connected batteries is determined by the cell with the smallest battery capacity.
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