Various demonstration projects conducted around the world have indicated that the cleaner production approach is more beneficial than the end-of-pipe type solutions. This study demonstrates how cleaner production can be applied to the lead-acid battery manufacturing industry, with focus on reduction/prevention of lead wastes.
The EPA also set GACT standards for the lead acid battery manufacturing source category on July 16, 2007. These standards are codified in 40 CFR part 63, subpart PPPPPP, and are applicable to existing and new affected facilities.
Lead acid batteries were first established as a performance standard on January 14, 1980. New source performance standards were first proposed in 40 CFR part 60, subpart KK for the Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing source category on this date ( 45 FR 2790 ). The EPA proposed lead emission limits based on fabric filters with 99 percent efficiency for grid casting and lead reclamation operations.
The ICRs (Integrated Compliance Reporting) for lead acid battery manufacturing are specific to the information collection associated with the Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing source category through the new 40 CFR part 60, subpart KKa and amendments to 40 CFR part 63, subpart PPPPPP.
The standards implement Section 111 of the Clean Air Act, and are based on the Administrator's determination that lead-acid battery manufacturing facilities contribute significantly to air pollution, which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare.
1. NSPS The EPA has found through the BSER review for this source category that there are 40 existing lead acid battery manufacturing facilities subject to the NSPS for Lead-Acid Battery Manufacturing Plants at 40 CFR part 60, subpart KK.
Management of Spent Lead-Acid Batteries in South Africa
Lead-acid batteries (LABs) are secondary batteries (meaning that they are rechargeable) in which lead and lead oxide reacts with the sulphuric acid electrolyte to produce a voltage. The most common use for LABs is to start an engine where the battery delivers a short burst of high amplitude current to energize the starter motor that turns the crankshaft on an internal …
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Cleaner production standard -
This standard provides the general requirements for cleaner production of the lead acid battery industry. This standard classifies the indicators for cleaner production into …
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Cleaner Production Standard
The standard specifies general requirement on waste lead-acid battery industry for clean production. The indices are classified into six categories, including production process and equipment, resource and energy utilization, products, pollutant generation (before end-of- pipe treatment), waste recovery and utilization and environmental ...
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Review of Standards of Performance for Lead Acid Battery …
This proposal presents the results of the Environmental Protection Agency''s (EPA''s) review of the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Plants and the technology review (TR) for the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Area Sources as …
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Life cycle assessment of lead-acid batteries used in electric bicycles ...
China has the largest lead-acid battery (LAB) industry in the world after more than a decade of rapid development, taking a share of more than 30% of the global LAB outputs (van der Kuijp et al., 2013).The biggest market demand in China comes from the dramatic increase of the number of electric bikes (e-bikes).
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NSPS and NESHAP for Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Area Sources as required under the Clean Air Act (CAA). The EPA is finalizing revised lead emission limits for …
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Review of Standards of Performance for Lead Acid Battery …
This rule establishes standards of performance which limit atmospheric emissions of lead from new, modified, and reconstructed facilities at lead-acid battery plants. …
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Waste Lead-Acid Battery Recycling Technologies | SpringerLink
The growing of collected waste lead-acid batteryLead-Acid Battery (LAB) quantity means the growing demand for secondary lead (Pb) material for car batteries, both needed for increased cars’ production and for replacing of …
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Cleaner production options for lead-acid battery manufacturing …
This study demonstrates how cleaner production can be applied to the lead-acid battery manufacturing industry, with focus on reduction/prevention of lead wastes. Various …
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New Source Performance Standards Review for Lead Acid Battery ...
On February 23, 2022 (87 FR 10134), the EPA proposed revisions to the Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Area Source NESHAP based on our technology review (TR) and proposed a …
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Review of New Source Performance Standards for Lead-Acid Battery ...
New source performance standards were promulgated by the EPA on April 16, 1982, limiting emissions o* lead from new, modified, and reconstructed facilities at any lead-acid battery manufacturing plant which has the design capacity to produce in one day batteries which would contain, in total, an amount of lead equal to or greater than 5.9 Mg (6....
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MNRE Clarifies Import Conditions for Lead-Acid Batteries …
The MNRE has recently issued draft guidelines for performance testing of batteries (lead-acid and nickel-based chemistry type) series approval for mandatory registration with the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Previously, the government issued a proposal to set up a national mission on transformative mobility and battery storage initiatives ...
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Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing: New Source Performance Standards …
This rule establishes standards of performance which limit atmospheric emissions of lead from new, modified, and reconstructed facilities at lead-acid battery plants. The standards implement Section 111 of the Clean Air Act, and are based on the Administrator''s determination that lead-acid battery manufacturing facilities contribute ...
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Cleaner production options for lead-acid battery manufacturing …
This study demonstrates how cleaner production can be applied to the lead-acid battery manufacturing industry, with focus on reduction/prevention of lead wastes. Various cleaner production options are discussed in relation to their technical and environmental feasibility. The effectiveness of good housekeeping practices, changing manufacturing ...
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"Review of Standards of Performance for Lead Acid Battery …
Standards for Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Plants This memorandum provides the proposed regulation associated with a proposed action titled, "Review of Standards of Performance for Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Plants and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing
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The lead-acid battery industry in China: outlook for production and ...
The total production of these batteries increased from 296,000 kVAh in 2001 to 205.23 MkVAh in 2013, with manufacturing located mainly in the middle and eastern provinces of the country. In this paper, we find that the market share of SLI batteries will decrease slightly, the share of traction batteries will continuously increase with the emergence of clean energy …
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Waste Management Strategies for Cleaner Recycling of Spent Batteries …
Recycling of spent lead-acid batteries is leading to the production of slag which may be classified as hazardous waste because of its toxicity or lead (Pb) content.
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Lead-Acid Battery Standards | Archive
Many organizations have established standards that address lead-acid battery safety, performance, testing, and maintenance. Standards are norms or requirements that establish a basis for the common understanding and …
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"Review of Standards of Performance for Lead Acid Battery …
Standards for Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Plants This memorandum provides the proposed regulation associated with a proposed action titled, "Review of Standards of Performance for …
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Lead-Acid Battery Standards | Archive
Many organizations have established standards that address lead-acid battery safety, performance, testing, and maintenance. Standards are norms or requirements that establish a basis for the common understanding and judgment of materials, products, and processes.
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Situation analysis of the recovery and utilization of used lead-acid ...
The annual production of secondary lead from used lead acid batteries in China increased rapidly to 1.5 million tonnes (MT) in 2013, making china the world''s largest secondary lead producer ...
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Cleaner Production Standard
The standard specifies general requirement on waste lead-acid battery industry for clean production. The indices are classified into six categories, including production process and equipment, resource and energy utilization, products, pollutant generation (before end-of- …
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New Source Performance Standards Review for Lead Acid Battery ...
As defined in the Initial List of Categories of Sources Under Section 112(c)(1) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (see 57 FR 31576; July 16, 1992) and Documentation for Developing the Initial Source Category List, Final Report (see EPA-450/3-91-030, July 1992), the Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing source category for purposes of CAA section 112 includes …
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