The Sahara has long been viewed as a potential battery for Europe, using CSP. In 2013, the €400bn Desertec project collapsed after the two advocates, Desertec Foundation and the Desertec Industrial Initiative, fell out, each accusing the other of poor communication. TuNur believes that now is the time for solar in the Sahara to finally take off.
The Great Saharan Desert is more than 3.6 million square miles of dry, hot land, 1.2% of which could power the whole world, theoretically, if it were to be covered in solar PV. But the Sahara’s solar potential is yet to be realised, with only the Noor project in Morocco currently operating in the area.
The first stage of Sahara solar will see a 250MW CSP tower constructed, along with a dedicated transmission line through the Mediterranean Sea to Malta. This phase is estimated to cost €85m, and a further €1.6bn for the cable link. As such, the cost of power is expected to be 8.73 cents per kilowatt hour (c/kWh).
But the Sahara’s solar potential is yet to be realised, with only the Noor project in Morocco currently operating in the area. There are a number of reasons for this, including political instability in the MENA region putting off potential investors.
Heat will be stored in molten salts that run through these towers, heating steam to turn turbines but also, as the salt can hold heat for hours, power can be generated long after the sun stops shining. If given the go-ahead, Sahara solar could provide power to two million European homes.
If successful, the energy generated will be transported via underground cables to Italy, Malta and France, providing Europe with a new, carbon-free, alternative baseload power source. The market for battery energy storage is estimated to grow to $10.84bn in 2026.
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