There are 6 main types of lithium batteries. What Is A Lithium Battery? Lithium batteries rely on lithium ions to store energy by creating an electrical potential difference between the negative and positive poles of the battery.
Lithium batteries are more popular today than ever before. You’ll find them in your cell phone, laptop computer, cordless power tools, and even electric vehicles. However, just because all of these electronics use lithium batteries doesn’t mean they use the same type of lithium batteries.
The lithium polymer battery can use any combination of electrodes found in lithium-ion batteries; it is simply the electrolyte that differs. Just as batteries in general come in all shapes, sizes and chemistries, so do lithium-ion batteries.
The lithium ions are small enough to be able to move through a micro-permeable separator between the anode and cathode. In part because of lithium’s small atomic weight and radius (third only to hydrogen and helium), Li-ion batteries are capable of having a very high voltage and charge storage per unit mass and unit volume.
The anodes of most lithium-ion batteries are made from graphite. Typically, the mineral composition of the cathode is what changes, making the difference between battery chemistries. The cathode material typically contains lithium along with other minerals including nickel, manganese, cobalt, or iron.
Lithium-ion cells can be manufactured to optimize energy or power density. Handheld electronics mostly use lithium polymer batteries (with a polymer gel as an electrolyte), a lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 or NMC) may offer longer life and a higher discharge rate.
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However, there are many types of lithium-ion batteries, each with pros and cons. The above infographic shows the tradeoffs between the six major lithium-ion cathode technologies based on research by Miao et al. and Battery University. This is the first of two infographics in our Battery Technology Series.
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