Lithium battery business methods

How can we improve remanufacturing and second use practices of lithium-ion batteries?

Future research should focus on more in-depth analyses of the assessment categories presented, for example, by studying the value creation and capture in circular business models to upscale the remanufacturing and second use practices of lithium-ion batteries, including empirical data analysis.

What is the manufacturing process of lithium-ion batteries?

Fig. 1 shows the current mainstream manufacturing process of lithium-ion batteries, including three main parts: electrode manufacturing, cell assembly, and cell finishing .

Are lithium-ion batteries able to produce data?

The current research on manufacturing data for lithium-ion batteries is still limited, and there is an urgent need for production chains to utilize data to address existing pain points and issues.

What are the manufacturing data of lithium-ion batteries?

The manufacturing data of lithium-ion batteries comprises the process parameters for each manufacturing step, the detection data collected at various stages of production, and the performance parameters of the battery [25, 26].

What are the barriers to Circular business models of lithium-ion batteries?

Barriers importance for circular business models of lithium-ion batteries. The experts stress that similar to the drivers' findings, most barriers are linked; therefore, identifying a sole dominant barrier is not expected to occur. The highest-rated barrier was “Financial”, reflecting challenges such as incentives and financial viability.

What are the drivers to develop circular business models in lithium-ion battery market?

Answering the second research question, “ What are the main drivers to develop circular business models in the lithium-ion battery market?”, “National and international regulation and policies” followed by “Economic benefits” are considered the main drivers for developing CBMs in the LIB market.