To secure electrical loads that are sensitive to damage, a control system is made overvoltage and Undervoltage using a microcontroller Arduino Mega, and the actuator is a relay. This research tries to solve the problem of over voltage, under voltage, and unbalanced voltage with a visual basic-based voltage protection system.
Undervoltage protection operates through these key processes: Monitoring Voltage Levels: The BMS tracks the voltage of each cell during discharge. Threshold Setting: A minimum voltage threshold is established based on the battery type.
The excess power from the solar PV reverses the power flow causing overvoltage in the distribution network. In contrast, the high load level results in the undervoltage problem along the feeder. Typically, the acceptable voltage limits in the distribution systems should be within ±5% of the nominal voltage.
At the peak PV incidents, the batteries start charging the excess power from PV systems (from 10 a.m. to 14 p.m.) instead of being injected into the grid and causing reverse power and overvoltage. At peak demand (from 17 p.m. to 21 p.m.), the batteries supply stored energy back to the local load to increase the system voltage.
The PV inverters are assumed to operate at a unity power factor. This study assumes that the utility has ownership of the PV systems and BESS. Therefore, these devices are fully controlled by the utility to prevent the voltage in the distribution systems.
CONCLUSION A Battery Protection System successfully designed using a Relay actuator against overvoltage and Undervoltage. This tool can detect the presence of overvoltage and Undervoltage of the nominal rated voltage and display through the LCD.
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