There are two ways to wire batteries together: parallel and series. The illustrations below show how these set wiring variations can produce different voltage and amp hour outputs. In the graphics, we've used sealed lead acid batteries, but the concepts of how units are connected apply to all battery types.
To connect batteries in series, use batteries of the same ratings and the same make and model to minimize differences in voltage and amperage. Even batteries from the same production line can vary slightly, and battery age is another factor to consider.
The short answer to connecting batteries with different ratings in series is “Don’t”. When connecting batteries in series, it is generally advised to use batteries of the same ratings and make and model to minimize differences in exact voltage and amperage.
There are several ways to wire multiple batteries to achieve the correct battery voltage or capacity for a particular DC installation. By connecting batteries in series or parallel or both as one big bank, rather than having individual banks will make your power source more efficient and will ensue maximum service life for your battery bank.
When batteries of different ages/capacities are connected in series, each battery acts like a resistive load. Current will flow to the battery with the lowest resistance, or highest capacity, more than the rest. All of them will reach the end of bulk charging together, when they’ve all reached the same voltage.
Mixing different battery chemistries, such as lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries, is not recommended. Each battery chemistry has specific charging and discharging characteristics that may not align well together. It is best to use batteries of the same chemistry in a series or parallel connection.
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