Fig. A1. Local optimal solution and global optimal solution. In order to make the integer variables (the number of charging piles) optimizable in an effective way, the charging demand of EVs in the PV-ES-CS is calculated under different numbers of charging piles at first, then the demand is called in the optimization program directly.
The model is built with the lowest cost as the target, and the optimal solution of the deployment strategy for charging piles is obtained. Then based on the deployment strategy, the economic benefit analysis of the campus charging piles under the BOT financing mode is carried out through cost accounting and project revenue calculation.
The capacity optimization model of the integrated photovoltaic- energy storage-charging station was built. The case study bases on the data of 21 charging stations in Beijing. The construction of the integrated charging station shows the maximum economic and environment benefit in hospital and minimum in residential.
The coupled photovoltaic-energy storage-charging station (PV-ES-CS) is an important approach of promoting the transition from fossil energy consumption to low-carbon energy use. However, the integrated charging station is underdeveloped. One of the key reasons for this is that there lacks the evaluation of its economic and environmental benefits.
This paper found that: (1) The optimal deployment strategy for installing charging piles in school is that the total number of charging piles is 64, of which 25 are regular charging piles with the power of 7 kWh, while 24 and 15 are fast charging piles with the power of 30 kWh and 45 kWh respectively.
Based on the planning and construction of campus charging piles, five functions of site management, charging management, revenue management, vehicle management and equipment fault management can be developed on the CIM (City Information Modeling) platform.
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