A battery is a device that generates electric power from the controlled flow of ions (positive and negative ions) which are called chemical reactions or redox reactions later they can be used for a wide range of applications from charging smartwatches to renewable energy to electric vehicles.
There are three main components of a battery: two terminals made of different chemicals (typically metals), the anode and the cathode; and the electrolyte, which separates these terminals. The electrolyte is a chemical medium that allows the flow of electrical charge between the cathode and anode.
Primary batteries are assembled in the charged state and their capacity is limited to the amount of energy obtainable from the volume of reactants placed in them during manufacture.
The fundamentals of the battery are the same in that we have an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte. The cathode is a lithium transition metal oxide, eg manganese or cobalt or a combination of transitional metals. The anode is a graphite-based material, which can intercalate or release lithium.
“A battery is a device that is able to store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, and convert that energy into electricity,” says Antoine Allanore, a postdoctoral associate at MIT’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
Interestingly, in present times, unless explicitly specified otherwise, the term "battery" universally refers to electrochemical cells used for generating electrical energy, and even a single cell is now referred to as a battery.
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