Battery Grade Cobalt Sulfate Copenhagen Material

What is a battery grade cobalt sulphate?

Further, battery-grade cobalt sulphate and nickel sulphate, used for the production of nickel cobalt aluminum oxides (NCA), and nickel manganese cobalt oxides (NMC), are available. These are typical in automotive and stationary power fields.

What cradle-to-gate cobalt compounds are used in battery applications?

The study generated industry average cradle-to-gate datasets for refined cobalt metal (an update of the 2015 LCA), crude cobalt hydroxide, and tricobalt tetraoxide and cobalt sulphate heptahydrate – two cobalt compounds used primarily in battery applications – for the reference year 2019.

What materials are used to make battery sulfates?

Cobalt metal powder and various shapes of nickel metal, which can be used to make battery-grade sulfates, are also present in our long list of cobalt and nickel materials. A range of spherical nickel hydroxides, coated or pure, is available for the production of NiMH, NiZn, and silver-zinc batteries.

Are end-of-life batteries a source of secondary cobalt?

Although end-of-life (EOL) batteries are estimated to become a significant source of secondary cobalt in the future, recycled cobalt alone will not be nearly enough to satisfy the increasing demand during the next decade (Alves Dias et al. 2018 ).

What types of cobalt oxides are available?

In our portfolio, we have very pure battery-grade cobalt oxide for the production of lithium cobalt oxides (LCO), used for portable devices. Further, battery-grade cobalt sulphate and nickel sulphate, used for the production of nickel cobalt aluminum oxides (NCA), and nickel manganese cobalt oxides (NMC), are available.

How much cobalt sulfate is used in mining?

The cobalt sulfate LCI dataset indicates a consumption of about 15 kg of diesel per ton of mined ore based on primary data from a copper-cobalt mine in the DRC. 40,41 About 57% of this consumption is associated with mining equipment such as front end loaders and drillers, and the other 43% is due to haul trucks.