Electrolytes containing multiple redox couples are promising for improving the energy density of flow batteries. Here, two chelated chromium complexes that are structural isomers are characterized and combined to generate electrolytes containing up to 2 M of active species, corresponding to 53.6 Ah L −1.
Iron–chromium flow battery (ICFB) is one of the most promising technologies for energy storage systems, while the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during the negative process remains a critical issue for the long-term operation. To solve this issue, In³⁺ is firstly used as the additive to improve the stability and performance of ICFB.
The current density of current iron–chromium flow batteries is relatively low, and the system output efficiency is about 70–75 %. Current developers are working on reducing cost and enhancing reliability, thus ICRFB systems have the potential to be very cost-effective at the MW-MWh scale.
Its advantages include long cycle life, modular design, and high safety [7, 8]. The iron-chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) is a type of redox flow battery that uses the redox reaction between iron and chromium to store and release energy . ICRFBs use relatively inexpensive materials (iron and chromium) to reduce system costs .
During the charging process, the negative electrode has a side reaction: hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while a part of Cr 3+ cannot be reduced [29, 30]. However, Fe 2+ in the positive electrolyte can react completely. When the molar ratio of iron to chromium is 1:1, the active substances of the positive and negative reactions do not match.
At a current density of 80 mA cm -2, Wu et al. found that the battery's energy efficiency and electrochemical activity of negative active ions were highest when the molar ratio of iron to chromium is 1:1.3. Wang et al. optimized the electrolyte of ICRFB.
Iron-chromium flow battery for renewables storage
Researchers in China have successfully prepared cobalt oxide-modified graphite felt as an electrode material for an iron-chromium flow battery. The electrode performance significantly improved...
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Review of the Development of First‐Generation Redox …
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(PDF) Iron–Chromium Flow Battery
The Fe–Cr flow battery (ICFB), which is regarded as the first generation of real FB, employs widely available and cost‐effective chromium and iron chlorides (CrCl 3 /CrCl 2 and FeCl 2...
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Effect of adding chromium to Ti-Zr-Ni-V-Mn alloy on its cycle life …
Chromium is added to Ti-Zr-Ni-V-based AB 2-type alloys to investigate its effect on the cycle-life performance of Ni/metal-hydride batteries made from these alloys. It is found that the addition of chromium significantly reduces the discharge capacity although it has only a limited effect on the hydrogen absorption/desorption ...
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At a current density of 80 mA cm-2, Wu et al. [27] found that the battery''s energy efficiency and electrochemical activity of negative active ions were highest when the molar …
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Redox Flow Battery Made of Chromium with Organic …
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Chelation approach to long-lived and reversible chromium …
A novel iron chromium flow battery (NICFB) is designed by coupling CrDTPA anolytes and Fe(CN) 6 catholytes. NICFB displays high energy conversion efficiency with …
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Review of the Development of First‐Generation Redox Flow Batteries …
The iron-chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) is considered the first true RFB and utilizes low-cost, abundant iron and chromium chlorides as redox-active materials, making it one of the most cost-effective energy storage systems. ICRFBs were pioneered and studied extensively by NASA and Mitsui in Japan in the 1970–1980s, and extensive studies ...
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Effect of adding chromium to Ti-Zr-Ni-V-Mn alloy on its cycle life …
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Disparate Redox Potentials in Mixed Isomer …
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Electrolytes containing multiple redox couples are promising for improving the energy density of flow batteries. Here, two chelated chromium complexes that are structural isomers are characterized and combined to generate electrolytes containing up to 2 M of active species, corresponding to 53.6 Ah L−1. The mixed isomer approach ...
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