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How does temperature affect battery performance?

External factors such as location, seasons and time of the year decide the ambient temperature conditions. Batteries do not perform well when it is too hot or too cold. Poor thermal management will affect the charging and discharging power, service life, cell balancing, capacity, and fast charging capability of the battery pack.

How is battery temperature controlled?

Since the heat generation in the battery is determined by the real-time operating conditions, the battery temperature is essentially controlled by the real-time heat dissipation conditions provided by the battery thermal management system.

What happens if a battery is too hot or too cold?

Batteries do not perform well when it is too hot or too cold. Poor thermal management will affect the charging and discharging power, service life, cell balancing, capacity, and fast charging capability of the battery pack. For instance, with just a 10-degree rise in the temperature, the battery life will reduce by 50%.

How does cold weather affect battery life?

Compared with ambient temperature (about 20 °C), the battery loses 12.6 % at 10 °C and 6.5 % at −5 °C . With the decrease in temperature, the discharge voltage also decreases. Therefore, preheating the battery in cold weather is an effective means of improving battery life and performance.

What happens if a battery reaches a high temperature?

This results in self-heating and a possible explosion. While subjecting batteries to extremely high temperature (>50°C) is risky, low temperature is equally harmful. At very low temperatures, that battery degrades faster than it should. Hence, it is crucial to maintain the homogeneity of the temperature distribution within a battery pack.

What temperature should a battery module be placed in a thermostat?

During the preheating tests, the battery modules were first placed in the thermostat with simulative ambient temperatures of 0 or -20 °C. After thermal equilibrium, the heating tubes were started up with heating powers of 120, 150, 180, 200 or 220 W at different airflow velocities of 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, 2.7, 3.0 or 3.5 m s −1, respectively.