The m series battery pack in parallel are named P 1, P 2 …, P m. The n cells and 2 n + 2 MOSFETs in each series battery pack are named B x1, B x2, …, B xn and S x0, S x1, …, S x(2n+1), where x is the serial number of the parallel battery pack (x = 1, 2, …, m). The inductor is named L. Fig. 1.
3.4.2. Individual Cell Battery Parallel into the Battery Pack For a parallel-connected battery pack, the negative feedback formed by the coupling of parameters between individual cells can keep the current stable before the end of charge and discharge.
Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes an active equalization method for series-parallel battery pack based on an inductor. The main contributions are described below. The energy storage device responsible for energy transfer requires only one inductor and the topology is simple and low cost.
On this foundation, a model of a series–parallel battery pack in MATLAB/Simulink is developed, and the impact of various individual cell characteristics on the performance of the battery pack in series and parallel is investigated, providing a reference for the weight of single-cell screening parameters when the battery is assembled.
Due to the low voltage and capacity of the cells, they must be connected in series and parallel to form a battery pack to meet the application requirements. After forming a battery pack, the inevitable inconsistency between the cells will have a serious impact on its energy utilization and cycle life, and even bring safety hazards , .
Studies on the equalization of parallel battery pack have also been conducted , , . The literatures , achieve parallel equalization by adding a DC/DC converter for each parallel module, which is not conducive to the size and cost reduction of the equalization system .
Multi-fault diagnosis for series-connected lithium-ion battery pack ...
A PCA model of the lithium-ion battery pack in series is established as follows. ... This section shows a multi-fault diagnosis procedure for a series-connected battery pack based on parallel PCA-KPCA, as shown in Fig. 2. The multi-fault here refers to different types of faults, including inconsistency assessment among cells, virtual connection fault, and ESC. Firstly, the …
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Management of imbalances in parallel-connected lithium-ion battery packs
Numerical simulation for the discharge behaviors of batteries in series and/or parallel-connected battery pack. Electrochim. Acta, 52 (3) (2006), pp. 1349-1357. View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar [7] M.H. Hofmann, K. Czyrka, M.J. Brand, M. Steinhardt, A. Noel, F.B. Spingler, A. Jossen. Dynamics of current distribution within battery cells connected …
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Investigation of series-parallel connections of multi-module batteries …
Abstract: Large-format Lithium-ion battery packs consist of the series and parallel connection of elemental cells, usually assembled into modules. The required voltage and capacity of the battery pack can be reached by various configurations of the elemental cells or modules. It is thus worth investigating if different configurations lead to different performance of the battery pack in ...
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A Study on Multi-Fault Diagnosis Methods for a Series-Parallel Battery Pack
The fault diagnosis function of the battery management system (BMS) is crucial for battery pack safety and reliable operation. This paper proposes a new series-parallel connected battery pack voltage measurement design scheme, which can save voltage sensors number from n to 0.75n for n cells in series. The multi-fault diagnosis strategy is proposed by analyzing the law of battery …
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Fully coupled simplified electrochemical and thermal model for series …
Most of the battery pack modeling work in the literature considers very small battery packs consisting of either series only or parallel only connection [[26], [27]–28,30]. Some studies involve both series-parallel connection but have not been applied on commercial battery cells [23,34]. Few studies involve modeling the battery packs ...
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Integrated balancing method for series‐parallel battery packs …
To reduce the inconsistency of battery packs, this study innovatively proposes an integrated active balancing method for series‐parallel battery packs based on LC energy storage. Only one inductor and one capacitor are used to store energy to achieve the balance of each cell in a series‐parallel battery pack. This design has the characteristics of simple structure, small …
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Ultimate Power: Lithium-Ion Batteries In Series
The common notation for battery packs in parallel or series is XsYp – as in, the battery consists of X cell "stages" in series, where each stage consists of Y cells in parallel. So, putting ...
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Modelling Battery Pack in Series and Parallel Combination to …
This paper focuses on battery pack modelling using MATLAB by the empirical method to estimate the state of charge by calculating the diffusion resistor current and the hysteresis voltage in parallel connected modules (PCM) and series connected modules (SCM). Worldwide, more than 200 million electric vehicles (EV''s) will be used for transportation by next few years. In this …
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Comparative Analysis of Cell-to-Cell Voltage and Internal …
This paper presents the effect of the internal parameter for the number of the parallel of battery packs. Battery packs are consisted of high-power INR-18650 25R cells. Internal parameters are extracted by discharge capacity experiments and open circuit voltage (OCV) - hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) experiments, which are electrical characteristics experiments. Internal …
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Capacity estimation for series-connected battery pack based on …
To fulfill the power and energy demands of actual EVs, it is usually necessary to connect multiple cells in series and parallel to form a battery pack. While the driving range of an electric vehicle primarily depends on the battery pack capacity, the capacity of the series-connected cells significantly influences the overall capacity of the battery pack. Many studies …
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Investigation of series-parallel connections of multi-module …
A simulation tool is developed in this work and applied to a battery pack consisting of standard 12 V modules connected with various serial/parallel topologies. The results show that battery …
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An active equalization method for series-parallel battery pack …
The proposed equalization topology based on an inductor is shown in Fig. 1. The m series battery pack in parallel are named P 1, P 2 …, P m. The n cells and 2n + 2 MOSFETs in each series battery pack are named B x1, B x2, …, B xn and S x0, S x1, …, S x(2n+1), where x is the serial number of the parallel battery pack (x = 1, 2, …, m).
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Integrated balancing method for series‐parallel battery …
To reduce the inconsistency of battery packs, this study innovatively proposes an integrated active balancing method for series-parallel battery packs based on LC energy storage. Only one inductor and one …
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Balancing charge/discharge management for series/parallel battery packs ...
We propose a battery management system with capacity equalization. The system can be used in arbitrarily series-parallel connected battery packs, and effectively manage batteries working in the charge or discharge mode. For the discharge mode, we develop a new method of battery capacity equalization, and determine the minimum number of battery for equalization. This system not …
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Reconfigurable Power Circuits to Series or Parallel for Energy …
Abstract: Multicell battery pack has the cells connected in series and parallel for fast charging and heavy load with low conduction loss. Thus, cell balancing control is required to maximize the utilization of the battery pack. The previous studies on cell balancing have used dedicated cell balancing circuits, including magnetic components and multiple capacitors.
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Degradation in parallel-connected lithium-ion battery packs under ...
Here we present an experimental study of surface cooled parallel-string battery packs (temperature range 20–45 °C), and identify two main operational modes; convergent …
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Impact of Individual Cell Parameter Difference on the ...
The effect of the parameter difference (difference in parameters) of individual cells on the performance of the series-parallel battery pack is simulated and analyzed by grouping cells with different parameters. The findings reveal that when cells are connected in series, the capacity difference is a significant factor impacting the battery pack''s energy index, and the …
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Optimal fast charging strategy for series-parallel configured …
This novel strategy has been validated on a commercial battery pack configured in three-parallel six-series (3P6S), showing an impressive charged capacity increase of 39.2 % …
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Impact of Individual Cell Parameter Difference on the Performance …
parallel-connected battery pack, as well as the effectof an aging cell on series−parallel battery pack performance, are investigated. The group optimization idea of a series−parallel single cell is suggested based on the aforementioned simulation. 2. ESTABLISHMENT AND VERIFICATION OF BATTERY PACK MODEL 2.1. Basic Principle of Battery Model ...
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A Model-Based Research on Performance Evaluation and …
In order to better evaluate and compare the differences, this paper proposed a simplified modeling method for battery packs by considering the variations of battery parameters. And for the complex series-parallel grouping topologies, this paper developed an iterative algorithm which is suitable for computer simulation. Compared with the ...
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