Condition monitoring methods for both single capacitors and capacitor banks are based on the evaluation of the capacitance C and/or the ESR, which indicate the health status of a capacitor. The curves of capacitor degradation and the general scheme for condition monitoring of the capacitors are presented in Figure 6 a,b [ 10 ].
This monitoring scheme consists of various stages: (1) first-start calibration of the capacitor; (2) estimation of the capacitor’s current; (3) estimation of the capacitor’s core temperature; (4) estimation of the capacitor’s degradation; (5) estimation of capacitor’s bank parameters; and (6) capacitor model updating.
The health condition of the capacitor could be monitored through the decrease in discharging time, as follows [ 76 ]: where is the discharge time when the capacitor voltage decreases from the initial value to . The SM is re-connected to the MMC when the voltage of the capacitor is lower than .
When one or several capacitor banks are utilized, monitoring methods using the capacitor's current sensor to estimate the health of individual capacitors cannot be employed due to the increase in the required current sensors, which leads to an increase in weight, volume, and cost of the system.
Data Driven Methods gives promising results in condition monitoring of capacitors. Capacitors are an important component of power conversion systems because they affect the cost, size, performance, and range of such systems. However, capacitors have the highest degradation and failure rates of any power converter component.
A single capacitor or a bank of capacitors are frequently used as the filters at the DC side. Hence, the condition monitoring of capacitors is essential in order to maintain high-performance converters.
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