Development of solar cell preparation

How are solar cells evolving?

The evolution of photovoltaic cells is intrinsically linked to advancements in the materials from which they are fabricated. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of the latest developments in silicon-based, organic, and perovskite solar cells, which are at the forefront of photovoltaic research.

What is a solar cell fabrication process?

A solar cell fabrication process uses several high-temperature steps including a phosphorus diffusion process and a metal contact firing. The silicon wafer is p-type doped to 1 · 10 15 cm −3. The required surface doping and depth for the diffused part of the pn junction are 1 · 10 19 cm −3 and 200 nm, respectively.

How to make a solar cell?

The fabrication of this solar cell design comprises these general steps: a. Surface preparation by cleaning and texturing to minimize light reflection. b. Diffusing an n-type dopant into the p-type wafer to form a pn junction. Back passivation through a BSF formed by Al diffusion.

How are perovskite solar cells prepared?

After a brief introduction to the principle of perovskite solar cells, we compared two mainstream methods for preparing perovskite solar cells: the solution method and the physical meteorological deposition method.

Why do solar cells need to be doped?

Crystalline silicon needs to be doped to achieve the appropriate electrical resistivity value for the solar cells. This is achieved by adding the dopant elements to the melt. The most common p-type dopant today is Ga, but B and Al are also used.

Why do solar cells have a diffusion process?

This gives room for using lower quality (and lower cost) silicon material to fabricate the wafers, knowing that they will be further purified during the solar cell fabrication. The diffusion process happens on all the wafer surfaces, creating unwanted doping at the rear and edges of the wafer.