This study aims to establish a life cycle evaluation model of retired EV lithium-ion batteries and new lead-acid batteries applied in the energy storage system, compare their environmental impacts, and provide data reference for the secondary utilization of lithium-ion batteries and the development prospect of energy storage batteries.
1. Introduction Among numerous forms of energy storage devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely accepted due to their high energy density, high power density, low self-discharge, long life and not having memory effect , .
To explore the feasibility of the application of retired EV lithium-ion batteries in ESS, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used to set up the full life cycle processes of LFP and NCM batteries, including production, utilization in EV, secondary utilization in ESS, and recycling.
Energy storage batteries are part of renewable energy generation applications to ensure their operation. At present, the primary energy storage batteries are lead-acid batteries (LABs), which have the problems of low energy density and short cycle lives.
The LCA results confirm the environmentally feasible performance of EV Li-ion batteries and the importance of the development of second use applications of the battery packs.
In their initial stages, LIBs provided a substantial volumetric energy density of 200 Wh L −1, which was almost twice as high as the other concurrent systems of energy storage like Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) and Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries .
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This study aims to establish a life cycle evaluation model of retired EV lithium …
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This study aims to establish a life cycle evaluation model of retired EV lithium-ion batteries and new lead-acid batteries applied in the energy storage system, compare their environmental impacts, and provide data reference for the secondary utilization of lithium-ion batteries and the development prospect of energy storage batteries. The ...
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