Integration of a large number of renewable generation sources results in increased uncertainty in electric power generation, requiring, among the others, more frequency regulation services than before. The battery energy storage system models are compared and evaluated to assess their suitability for frequency regulation studies.
battery energy storage system (BESS), usually consists of a battery bank and a power converter that interfaces the battery bank to the AC network. A variety of battery energy storage models exist. In this section, brief overviews of most commonly used BESS models are presented.
Many studies have been performed in the past to demonstrate the effectiveness of battery storage for frequency control, power regulation and spinning reserve [4-6]. There are numerous factors like battery type, charge, and discharge rate, temperature, and state of charge that might affect dynamic behavior of a battery.
However, a comparison has been made based on the power and energy characteristics of popular BES technologies. The normalized characteristics of popular battery storage technologies are given in Table 4.
D. DC Voltage Source in Series with a Resistor Studies presented in [18, 19] modeled the battery energy storage as a DC voltage source in series with a current controlled inverter (CCI) in an islanded microgrid.
The normalized characteristics of popular battery storage technologies are given in Table 4. The data is extracted from Refs. [42, 52] and the references provide therein. It can be observed that the flow battery has longer cycle life, poor power, and energy density which limits its applications to large scale.
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