All this kind of destruction will undoubtedly affect the economic aspects or the return on investment that could be earned from PV power generation as well as the cost of repair or replacement to recover from the damage, all of which can be mitigated by implementing a lightning protection system (LPS) .
Residential PV systems are generally installed on the rooftop of residential buildings, with a large metal surface area, higher distance from the ground and an exposed location. Such PV systems are therefore potential lightning targets during thunderstorms.
With all the barriers discussed in Section 3.3, the need for lightning protection on PV systems must be evaluated on the basis of the risk analysis and protection costs. Table 10 presents the recommended standards related to PV systems including PV installations, lightning protection systems and electrical installations. Table 10.
No doubt that there are standards govern the lightning protection system installation for building and the solar PV itself which can be obtained from the International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) and various other national and international standards, respectively.
Both the frequency-dependent effect and ferromagnetic properties of steels are taken into account. Meanwhile, the nonlinear PV panel model applicable to lightning transients is also investigated. The proposed modelling procedure has been verified experimentally by comparing with the measurement in the laboratory.
Lightning transient evaluation of a PV system has been a necessary task in designing effective LPS. Such evaluation has been addressed experimentally and numerically. Stern and Karner investigated the induced voltages of a single panel in the laboratory. An inductive coupling model for PV panels was also proposed to assist the design.
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