Furthermore, the strong hydrophobic fluorine atoms in PVDF endow the device with excellent humidity stability, the unencapsulated solar cell maintain the initial efficiency of >90% for 2500 h under air ambient of ≈50% humid and a consistently high VOC of 1.20 V.
Herein, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is introduced as polymer-templates in the perovskite film, where the fluorine atoms in the PVDF network can form strong hydrogen-bonds with organic cations and coordinate bonds with Pb 2+.
To further improve the photovoltaic performance of PSCs based on PDPP4T, two fluorine (F) atoms were introduced into the polymer backbone, yielding PDPP4T-2F showing a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and improved morphology with nanoscale phase separation.
Probably the polar β phase PVDF formed in the presence of perovskite helps the HTM getting a more organized ordered pattern that decreases the RHTM and increases the storing of charges in the materials yielding higher C HTM.
Typically, the use of fluorinated polymers can improve the water resistance property of the perovskite films which leads to significant improvement in the environmental stability of the perovskite devices [ 49 ].
Liu, K. et al. 19.7% efficiency binary organic solar cells achieved by selective core fluorination of nonfullerene electron acceptors. Joule 8, 835 (2024). Xu, X. et al. Sequential deposition of multicomponent bulk heterojunctions increases efficiency of organic solar cells. Adv. Mater. 35, 2208997 (2023).
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（photovoltaic cell,photocell）,。。、。
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