Prospects for photovoltaic efficiency enhancement using low dimensional structures Third generation photovoltaics: solar cells for 2020 and beyond Progress and outlook for high efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells Guha, S., 1992. Amorphous silicon alloy technology for photovoltaics.
Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are in high demand as they are environmental friendly, sustainable, and renewable sources of energy. The PV solar cells have great potential to dominate the energy sector. Therefore, a continuous development is required to improve their efficiency.
Conclusions The present PV market is growing at the very high rate of 35–40% per year, and world PV production was 10.66 GW in 2009. More than 80% of the world PV industry is based on c-Si and pc-Si wafer technologies. Single-junction c-Si and GaAs solar cells are approaching their upper limits in terms of the theoretical maximum efficiency.
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. The production and consumption of energy must be converted to renewable alternatives in order to meet climate targets. During the past few decades, solar photovoltaic systems (PVs) have become increasingly popular as an alternative energy source.
Introduction Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is indispensable for realizing a global low-carbon energy system and, eventually, carbon neutrality. Benefiting from the technological developments in the PV industry, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of PV energy has been reduced by 85% over the past decade .
The cost of PV electricity generation is expected to decrease to 0.02 USD· (kW·h) −1 by 2050. At that time, renewable energy will become the main source of electricity generation, with a projected 86% of the world’s electricity coming from renewable energy (Fig. 1 (c)) .
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