As can be seen in Fig. 5 (b), when the government offers subsidies for recycling, the retail price of EV batteries tends to rise in correlation with the subsidy amount. In contrast, retail prices tend to decrease when the government provides subsidies for production R&D. Fig. 5. Impact of government subsidies on decision variables of retailer.
Derive equilibrium pricing and production R&D solutions under government subsidy. Production R&D and government subsidy contribute to demand and recycling volume. Production R&D subsidy is preferred by CLSC from the profit-oriented perspective. With the continuous promotion of electric vehicle applications, the recycling of power battery is urgent.
Government subsidy thus serves as a powerful mechanism to consistently bolster the profitability of EV battery CLSC. To fully harness the potential of government subsidy, it is essential for all members of the CLSC to collaborate and coordinate effectively, ensuring that R&D are successfully translated into market growth.
Production R&D subsidy effectively incentivize manufacturer to invest, as it mitigates the investment risk associated with production R&D. As can be seen in Fig. 5 (b) and (c), when government provides subsidies for production R&D, the wholesale and retail prices of EV power batteries decreases with the subsidy amount increase.
Implementing hybrid government subsidy policies can significantly enhance the profits of the supply chain and its members compared to offering only production R&D subsidies or recycling subsidies. Therefore, adopting a hybrid subsidy strategy can substantially boost the overall profitability of the entire supply chain. Fig. 11.
Central subsidy programs are issued through o cial government documents that are generally published on the government o cial websites of the Ministry of Finance (MoF), Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and National Development and Reform Commission
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