Extending the work presented in , this study presents a battery and accelerating-contact line (BACL) hybrid tram system where a tram accelerates drawing power from a short contact line (‘ACL’), which can be in the form of a catenary, overhead busbar or third rail. The tram then cruises drawing power from traction battery, as shown in Fig. 2b.
Nice’s Citadis trams use battery power to cross the Place Masséna instead of using overhead wires or a third rail. The city was keen to avoid the visual intrusion of overhead wires or the complexities of a third rail supply in historic squares. Image courtesy of N. Pulling
A battery pack is the sole tram power supply and there is no battery charging at intermediate stations. For cases 1Up, 1Down, 2Up, and 2Down, when a tram is in the electrified zone (a zone with contact line), all tram power demands are drawn from the contact line, and also a battery pack is recharged.
Hitachi Rail’s battery-powered tram technology offers the major benefit of requiring no electrified infrastructure. Our trams can operate on sections of routes with no overhead wires, such as historic city centres, like Florence, Italy, and offer range increase of up to 5km.
Owing to advancements in battery technology, battery performance has been improving while the cost is going down, this keeps increasing the attractiveness of a battery-driven tram on short and idle routes. The need for efficient and sustainable urban transportation system cannot be overemphasised.
Compared to independently battery powered tram, battery size is reduced by 62.5%. Suggested applications for the BACL tram system are on short, fairly flat, idle lines with few stops.
Enhancing conventional battery and contact line hybrid tram …
Simulated in MATLAB, the BACL hybrid tram system with 1.8 km total electrified distance has equivalent performance to the conventional battery and contact line hybrid tram system with 12.2 km total electrified distance. Compared to independently battery powered tram, battery size is reduced by 62.5%. Suggested applications for the BACL tram ...
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Standards and tests for lead–acid batteries in ...
The lead–acid battery standardization technology committee is mainly responsible for the National standards of lead–acid batteries in different applications (GB series). It also includes all of lead–acid battery standardization, accessory standards, related equipment standards, Safety standards and environmental standards. 19.1.14. CEEIA: China Electrical …
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Hitachi Rail successfully tests first battery-powered tram
Hitachi Rail has successfully tested its first battery -powered tram in Florence – an important milestone towards expanding the firm''s offer to market the vehicles across the world. While traditional tram lines require electrified infrastructure – usually overhead wires supported by
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A life without wires
In terms of modern tramways, early alternative solutions involved either onboard traction batteries (typically in the form of Nickel-Metal Hydride cells), or onboard supercapacitors. These technologies established a new form of technology, generally termed ''Onboard Energy Storage Systems'', or OESS.
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Innovative Technologies for Light Rail and Tram: A European …
The most important are (a) very long-life batteries that allow electric trams and trains to operate over substantial distances "off the wire"; (b) charging devices that boost battery life by recharging at stops en route – e.g. the supercapacitator technology demonstrated at the 2010 Shanghai Expo, or the induction system employed by Bombardier ...
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Innovative Technologies for Light Rail and Tram: A European …
The most important are (a) very long-life batteries that allow electric trams and trains to operate over substantial distances "off the wire"; (b) charging devices that boost battery life by …
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Tram without overhead line
Since the HSCs can accept much higher charging current than the general Lithium Ion Batteries, it can provide higher storage efficiency of the regenerative energy. Long Life. Lithium-ion …
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(PDF) Enhancing Conventional Battery and Contact Line Hybrid …
Simulated in MATLAB, the BACL hybrid tram system with 1.8 km total electrified distance has equivalent performance to the conventional battery and contact line hybrid tram system with …
Learn More
A life without wires
In terms of modern tramways, early alternative solutions involved either onboard traction batteries (typically in the form of Nickel-Metal Hydride cells), or onboard …
Learn More
Battery Tram Technical Specification
Hitachi Rail''s battery-powered tram technology offers the major benefit of requiring no electrified infrastructure. Our trams can operate on sections of routes with no overhead wires, such as historic city centres, and offer range increase of up to 5km. It''s flexible too. The new technology is based on an Onboard Energy Storage System ...
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(PDF) Enhancing Conventional Battery and Contact Line Hybrid Tram …
Simulated in MATLAB, the BACL hybrid tram system with 1.8 km total electrified distance has equivalent performance to the conventional battery and contact line hybrid tram system with 12.2 km total electrified distance. Compared to independently battery powered tram, battery size is reduced by 62.5%. Suggested applications for the BACL tram ...
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BatteryStuff Articles | The Lead Acid Battery Explained
One not-so-nice feature of lead acid batteries is that they discharge all by themselves even if not used. A general rule of thumb is a one percent per day rate of self-discharge. This rate increases at high temperatures and decreases at cold temperatures. Don''t forget that your Gold Wing, with a clock, stereo, and CB radio, is never completely turned off. …
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Battery Powered Trams
Hitachi Rail''s battery-powered tram technology offers the major benefit of requiring no electrified infrastructure. Our trams can operate on sections of routes with no overhead wires, such as …
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AGM vs. Lead-Acid Batteries (2024) Pros and Cons …
Pros of Lead Acid Batteries: Low Initial Cost: Lead-acid batteries are generally more affordable upfront compared to AGM batteries, making them a popular choice for budget-conscious consumers. Widespread …
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Next-generation traction batteries
Up to 30% lighter and 40% smaller than conventional batteries, the batteries will enable the new vehicles to travel up to 6.5km (four miles) in the event of a power failure. Image courtesy of KSC Group
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Tram without overhead line
Since the HSCs can accept much higher charging current than the general Lithium Ion Batteries, it can provide higher storage efficiency of the regenerative energy. Long Life. Lithium-ion capacitors have extremely high cycle charge / discharge durability. Some products are durable against more than 1 million cycles of 200A CC charge / discharge ...
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Enhancing conventional battery and contact line hybrid tram …
Simulated in MATLAB, the BACL hybrid tram system with 1.8 km total electrified distance has equivalent performance to the conventional battery and contact line hybrid tram …
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NSPS and NESHAP for Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing
New Source Performance Standards Review for Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Plants and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Area Sources Technology Review . AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action finalizes the results of the Environmental Protection …
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Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Area Sources: National …
The final rule adopts as the NESHAP for the Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing area source category the numerical emissions limits for grid casting, paste mixing, three process operations, lead oxide manufacturing, lead reclamation, and other lead emitting processes in 40 CFR 60.372 of the new source performance standards (NSPS) for lead acid batteries.
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Hitachi Rail successfully tests first battery-powered tram
Hitachi Rail has successfully tested its first battery -powered tram in Florence – an important milestone towards expanding the firm''s offer to market the vehicles across the world. While …
Learn More
Lead Acid Batteries
Although lead acid batteries have a low energy density, only moderate efficiency and high maintenance requirements, they also have a long lifetime and low costs compared to other battery types. One of the singular advantages of lead acid …
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Optimization for a fuel cell/battery/capacity tram with equivalent ...
A 1 200 kW large fuel cell hybrid locomotive equipped with a 250 kW fuel cell as prime mover and lead-acid batteries as auxiliary power was developed for potential military …
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Lead-Acid Battery Basics
If a slightly undersized system is sufficient, it will require a total of 44 batteries with 11 strings of 4 batteries in series. Lead-Acid Battery Takeaways. Understanding the basics of lead-acid batteries is important in sizing electrical systems. The equivalent circuit model helps to understand the behavior of the battery under different ...
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Battery Tram Technical Specification
Hitachi Rail''s battery-powered tram technology offers the major benefit of requiring no electrified infrastructure. Our trams can operate on sections of routes with no overhead wires, such as …
Learn More
Battery Powered Trams
Hitachi Rail''s battery-powered tram technology offers the major benefit of requiring no electrified infrastructure. Our trams can operate on sections of routes with no overhead wires, such as historic city centres, like Florence, Italy, and offer range increase of up to 5km.
Learn More
Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing: New Source Performance Standards …
This rule establishes standards of performance which limit atmospheric emissions of lead from new, modified, and reconstructed facilities at lead-acid battery plants. The standards implement Section 111 of the Clean Air Act, and are based on the Administrator''s determination that lead-acid battery manufacturing facilities contribute significantly to air …
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