With the promotion of renewable energy utilization and the trend of a low-carbon society, the real-life application of photovoltaic (PV) combined with battery energy storage systems (BESS) has thrived recently. Cost–benefit has always been regarded as one of the vital factors for motivating PV-BESS integrated energy systems investment.
From the investors’ point of view, the cost–benefit analysis for the PV-BESS project is accomplished in consideration of the whole project lifecycle, proving the cost superiority of PV and BESS investment. At last, sensitivity analysis of PV and BESS optimal allocation is conducted to ideally balance the PV and BESS sizes for investment.
Herein, the unleveraged equity interest return rate (IRR) of utility-scale (50 MWp in size) PV projects deployed in different parts of Europe is computed and a sensitivity analysis of how the profitability of the plant is impacted when nonlinear degradation curves are used is carried out.
Cost–benefit has always been regarded as one of the vital factors for motivating PV-BESS integrated energy systems investment. Therefore, given the integrity of the project lifetime, an optimization model for evaluating sizing, operation simulation, and cost–benefit into the PV-BESS integrated energy systems is proposed.
The cost–benefit analysis reveals the cost superiority of PV-BESS investment compared with the pure utility grid supply. In addition, the operation simulation of the PV-BESS integrated energy system is carried out showing that how the energy arbitrage is realized.
Meanwhile, the cumulative cash flow shows that in the year of 3, the PV + BESS investment is paid back, which indicates it would only take 3 years to recover the difference in investment costs between the PV-BESS optimal planning and the utility grid supply strategy. Table 2. Planning results and comparison. Fig. 3.
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