Capacitance is a property of a system where two conductors hold opposite charges. By storing electrical energy, capacitors are critical components in nearly all electrical circuits. Let’s break down some of the essential equations and terms.
What is a capacitor? Capacitors are devices which store electrical energy in the form of an electric field. The process is quite similar to the way mechanical springs store energy in the form of elastic material deformation, to the extent that the math describing both is quite similar, save for the variables used.
When a capacitor is connected to a power source, electrons accumulate at one of the conductors (the negative plate), while electrons are removed from the other conductor (the positive plate). This creates a potential difference (voltage) across the plates and establishes an electric field in the dielectric material between them.
That is, the value of the voltage is not important, but rather how quickly the voltage is changing. Given a fixed voltage, the capacitor current is zero and thus the capacitor behaves like an open. If the voltage is changing rapidly, the current will be high and the capacitor behaves more like a short.
The electrons will build up on one plate of the capacitor while the other plate will in turn release some electrons. The electrons can’t pass through the capacitor though because of the insulating material. Eventually the capacitor is the same voltage as the battery and no more electrons will flow.
The objective of this resource is to offer the reader a guide to capacitor technology in an easy-to-swallow capsule with a (hopefully) non-drowsy formula. What is a capacitor? Capacitors are devices which store electrical energy in the form of an electric field.
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