Actual cars powered by solid-state batteries seem to be perpetually on the horizon: Toyota’s original target date for commercializing them in the early 2020s has now slipped to the late 2020s, for example. When it comes to batteries, “Toyota has said a lot of things in the last ten years, none of which have come through,” cautions Ceder.
But solid state technology has its own challenges, and it’s not the only way automakers could achieve lighter, cheaper and faster charging electric vehicles. The main difference between a solid state battery and the lithium-ion batteries currently used in electric cars is a component known as the electrolyte.
One, popular in laptops, uses lithium cobalt oxide, which produces relatively light but expensive batteries. Others, popular in many cars, use a mix of nickel and cobalt with aluminium or manganese as a stabilizer (NCA and NCM).
Solid-state battery company Quantumscape claims that its solid-state batteries — which use some liquid, but not for the electrolyte — have been tested and can charge even faster than typical lithium ion batteries. Solid-state batteries will tend to be more expensive because they contain more lithium, which is expensive, said Kephart.
There’s a revolution brewing in batteries for electric cars. Japanese car maker Toyota said last year that it aims to release a car in 2027–28 that could travel 1,000 kilometres and recharge in just 10 minutes, using a battery type that swaps liquid components for solids.
Its solid-state battery cells based on the FEST platform were delivered to Mercedes earlier this summer. On Tuesday, Factorial introduced its latest breakthrough, Solstice. The new all-solid-state EV battery was developed with Mercedes to power its next-gen models.
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