In terms of theoretical efficiency, multi-junction solar cells have the potential to significantly outperform traditional single-junction solar cells. According to the Department of Energy, multi-junction solar cells with three junctions have theoretical efficiencies of over 45 percent, while single-junction cells top out at about 33.5 percent.
Multi-junction solar cells have the highest efficiency among all the other traditional single-junction cells. The efficiency of single-junction photovoltaic cells can hardly meet all the needs due to their small absorption range of the incident light spectrum.
For reference, the most efficient solar panels available today have efficiencies of around 22 percent. Single-junction solar cells are typically made using silicon as a semiconductor, while multi-junction solar cells commonly use three separate semiconductors: gallium indium phosphide (GaInP), indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), and germanium (Ge).
This means that, theoretically, multi-junction solar cells are capable of converting more sunlight that hits them to electricity when compared to single-junction cells. Just like normal silicon solar cells, multi-junction solar cells produce electricity through the photovoltaic effect.
Thirdly, improve the reliability of PV energy system connection to the power grid. The solar and coal-fired combined system seems promising since Gupta and Kaushik pointed out that heating feedwater of a thermal power plant by using solar energy is more efficient compare with using the same solar energy in a standalone CSP plant [29, 30].
The efficiency of single-junction photovoltaic cells can hardly meet all the needs due to their small absorption range of the incident light spectrum. Furthermore, photons of short wavelengths are more penetrating than long-wavelength photons; thus, gathering a wide range of long-wavelength lights to reach the bottom of SJSC becomes challenging.
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