The collapse of voltage will cause the load device to become unstable and even affect the stability of generator rotors. The control of load voltage rather than the maintenance of synchronism will stabilize the power system in loads within an extensive area. In addition, direct current (DC) power systems mainly focus on voltage stability. 55
The electrolyte evaporation inside the battery was worsened in comparison to the low SOC batteries, so the battery quickly inflated. The phenomenon was clearly triggered when the battery temperature reached around 90 °C. Finally, the battery ruptured, and the temperature rise came to an end.
The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In batteries with high SOC (80 % and 100 %), the maximum temperature was related to the time of battery rupture. The temperature of a battery with a low SOC (30 % and 50 %) is affected by the self-discharge time.
The parameters have opposite effects on heating and durability. The large duration and amplitude will cause a high risk of Li plating and other side reactions to accelerate the battery degradation.
Results showed that thermal runaway occurrence or not, the temperature rise and temperature rise rate of the battery significant related to the short-circuit current and initial SOC. The battery with 30% initial SOC had the fastest temperature rise rate, whereas higher SOC batteries (80% and 100%) have the maximum temperature rise.
The temperature rise rate of the high SOC batteries was significantly accelerated after increasing the discharge rate, which was mostly impacted by internal resistance. The electrolyte evaporation inside the battery was worsened in comparison to the low SOC batteries, so the battery quickly inflated.
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