This paper designs a kind of lithium-ion battery management system for explosion-proof mining electric vehicle according to GB3836-20210 series standard. And the management system takes STM32F103 as the main controller and LTC6811 as the core, using passive equalization strategy to realize battery voltage equalization.
During coal mining or processing, coal dust accumulates into the explosion-proof shell of the battery. MSHA [ 106] requires that the outer surface temperature of the explosion-proof shell shall not exceed 150 °C. The ignition temperature of the coal dust cloud is 440 °C to 640 °C.
There are three explosion-proof protection technologies for LIB vehicles: Explosion-proof (Ex’d’), intrinsically safe (‘ia’/’ib’) and encapsulation (Ex ‘ma’/’mb’). At the same time, the increased safety type (Ex ‘e’) or the combination of several protection technologies may also be considered to achieve the required protection level.
The specific distribution is LFP > LMO > NCM > NCA > LCO. The decomposition of the cathode material will release oxygen. After mixing the hydrocarbon and alkane gas generated by the reaction of the anode electrolyte, a combustion reaction will occur in the battery, resulting in breaking through the battery safety valve to form a jet fire.
The explosion-proof design must be adopted, and the internal pressure of the explosion-proof container must meet the static pressure of 1 MPa. There are three explosion-proof protection technologies for LIB vehicles: Explosion-proof (Ex’d’), intrinsically safe (‘ia’/’ib’) and encapsulation (Ex ‘ma’/’mb’).
Therefore, in order to ensure the intrinsic safety of the battery pack, one strategy is to select safer cathodes and anodes, electrolytes and separator materials, and the other is to take away the heat of the thermal runaway battery in time, so as not to cause the spread of thermal runaway.
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