The anode (usually graphite), cathode (generally lithium metal oxides), electrolyte (a lithium salt in an organic solvent), separator, and current collectors (a copper anode and an aluminum cathode) are the essential parts of a lithium-ion battery. 4. What is the average lifespan of lithium-ion batteries?
An essential part of a lithium-ion battery is the anode, which is usually composed of graphite. Graphite is favored due to its unique properties, which include: ● Layered Structure: Graphite's layered structure allows lithium ions to intercalate (insert) between the layers easily.
In the process of charging and discharging, Li+ is embedded and de-embedded back and forth between the two electrodes: when charging the battery, Li+ is de-embedded from the positive electrode and embedded in the negative electrode through the electrolyte, which is in a lithium-rich state; when discharging, the opposite is true.
When the battery is charged, lithium ions are generated on the positive electrode of the battery, and the generated lithium ions move to the negative electrode through the electrolyte. As an anode, the carbon is layered. It has many micropores. Lithium ions that reach the negative electrode are embedded in the micropores of the carbon layer.
Generally, the charging current of lithium batteries is set between 0.2C and 1C. The greater the current, the faster the charging, and the greater the heating of the battery. Moreover, if the current is too large to charge, the capacity is not enough, because the electrochemical reaction inside the battery takes time.
Figure 10 Cylindrical cells are among the most common and widely used formats for lithium-ion batteries. They are typically found in portable electronics, power tools, and electric vehicles. The two most popular cylindrical cell sizes are the 18650 and 21700 formats.
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