Thus, in case of a solar array of a higher voltage (by using a 24V panel or by connecting two 12V solar panels in series), the solar charge controller is a must. Here are listed the main functions of the charge controller in a solar panels system: – Taking care that the battery bank is not getting overcharged during the day.
If you connect a 24V solar panel (where maximum voltage can be as high as up to 36V), the non-MPPT (also known as ‘standard’) charge controller brings the solar generated voltage down to the 12V battery charging voltage, which is 13.5-14.5V.
To summarize, the charge controller is the manager of the battery power. Here are other important features of solar charge controllers: – Regulating the power sent from the solar array to the battery according to the battery state of charge. This extends battery life.
1. Bulk Stage (first stage) The bulk phase is primarily the initial phase of using solar energy to charge a battery. When the battery reaches a low-charge stage, typically when the charge is below 80 percent, the bulk phase will begin. At this point, the solar panel injects as much amperage as it can into the cell.
It’s important to choose the right charge controller in terms of size and features. For remote systems, reliability and performance are very important considerations. Lower cost solar controllers are often not going to be the most reliable and may not meet vital charging requirements.
The batteries have the function of supplying electrical energy to the system at the moment when the photovoltaic panels do not generate the necessary electricity. When the solar panels can generate more electricity than the electrical system demands, all the energy demanded is supplied by the panels, and the excess is used to charge the batteries.
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