Heat pipe cooling for Li-ion battery pack is limited by gravity, weight and passive control . Currently, air cooling, liquid cooling, and fin cooling are the most popular methods in EDV applications. Some HEV battery packs, such as those in the Toyota Prius and Honda Insight, still use air cooling.
EV batteries can be cooled using air cooling or liquid cooling. Liquid cooling is the method of choice to meet modern cooling requirements. Let’s go over both methods to understand the difference. Air cooling uses air to cool the battery and exists in the passive and active forms.
It is the most common BTMS technology. The liquid used ranges from water to various refrigerants or oils. The liquid can flow directly across the battery cells but often flows through channels in a cold plate to provide indirect cooling to the battery pack. Figure 1: Liquid-cooled battery from a Chevy Bolt. (Image: Advanced Thermal Solutions)
Battery packs can be cooled using either air cooling, where heat is dissipated into the surrounding air, or liquid cooling, which involves circulating a coolant through the battery pack to facilitate efficient heat transfer. Why is battery cooling important?
Liquid cooling is the most popular cooling technology. It uses a liquid coolant such as water, a refrigerant, or ethylene glycol to cool the battery. The liquid goes through tubes, cold plates, or other components that surround the cells and carry heat to another location, such as a radiator or a heat exchanger.
Liquid Cooling method involves moving a heat transfer capable liquid like a coolant over the batteries to transfer heat in or out of the batteries. Heat Transfer capability of the coolant depends on the properties of the coolant like viscosity, density, thermal conductivity and also the flow rate of the coolant.
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