Abstract: This paper presents the updated status of energy storage (ES) technologies, and their technical and economical characteristics, so that, the best technology can be selected either for grid-connected or off-grid power system applications.
In off-grid applications, ES can be used to balance the generation and consumption, to prevent frequency and voltage deviations. Due to the widespread use of battery energy storage (BES), the paper further presents various battery models, for power system economic analysis, reliability evaluation, and dynamic studies.
1. Introduction: the challenges of energy storage Energy storage is one of the most promising options in the management of future power grids, as it can support the discharge periods for stand-alone applications such as solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines.
While mentions of large tied-grid energy storage technologies will be made, this chapter focuses on off-grid storage systems in the perspective of rural and island electrification, which means in the context of providing energy services in remote areas. The electrical load of power systems varies significantly with both location and time.
Energy storage is one of the most promising options in the management of future power grids, as it can support the discharge periods for stand-alone applications such as solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines. The main key to a successful mini- and microgrid is a reliable energy storage solution, including but not limited to batteries .
The latter approach may be attractive when designing new buildings for remote locations far from the existing grid, requiring long and expensive grid connections to be constructed, or when complete energy self-sufficiency is desired. Energy storage methods suitable for off-grid buildings include mostly electrochemical, chemical or thermal storages.
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