1 Introduction This report describes both mathematical derivation and the resulting software for a model to estimate operation and maintenance (O&M) costs related to photovoltaic (PV) systems. The cost model estimates annual cost by adding up many services assigned or calculated for each year.
A more recent survey saw increasing project lifetimes from just over 21 years in 2007 to almost 33 years in 2019, and leveled total lifetime operating expenses declining from an average of $35/kW/yr to $17/kW/yr. The 2019 numbers saw a broad range through, from $13 to $25/kW/yr.
System Size (Wp DC) 10,000,000.0 Energy Yield Year 1 (kWh/kWp/year) 1,400.0 System Installed Cost $25,600,000 Module Efficiency 16.0% Module Power (W STC) 305 Array Area (m2) 62500 Number of Modules 32787 Module Type/ Degradation Multi-crystal Silicon:0.64%/year Degradation Rate per year 0.0064 Modules per String 14 Number of Strings 2342
In recent years, technological advances have allowed a decrease in the costs of manufacturing and operating solar photovoltaic (PV) modules. The global capacity weighted-average total installed cost, for solar photovoltaic projects commissioned in 2019, was 995 USD/kW; 79% less when compared to 2010 data.
The survey shows that replacement of inverters, and decommissioning are the costs a business incurs when operating a PV plant in Switze rland. CHF, annual cost in CHF per kW and the contribution to the cost of energy produced in Ct. per kWh. categories, as shown in Table 8 (p. 31). If all cost drivers would apply, the cumulated annual OMCs !" #!"
Recommendations for future work include an encouragement for system and fleet operators to share their actuarial data on operations and maintenance in order to advance the accuracy and utility of cost estimating tools. Feedback from actual costs should be carefully curated to refine future PV O&M cost estimates.
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