During the discharge of a battery, the current in the circuit flows from the positive to the negative electrode. According to Ohm’s law, this means that the current is proportional to the electric field, which says that current flows from a positive to negative electric potential.
As shown in the figure, the direction of current flow is opposite to the direction of electron flow. The battery continues to discharge until one of the electrodes is used up [3, p. 226]. Figure 9.3.3: Charge flow in a charging battery. Figure 9.3.3 illustrates the flow of charges when the battery is charging.
Within the wire and frame, the electric current is due to electron current which is in the opposite direction of the electric current. Within the (lead-acid) battery, the electric current is primarily which is in the same direction as the electric current.
When the battery is supplying power (discharging) to, e.g., the starter motor, the direction of the is out of the positive terminal through the load and into the negative terminal. Within the wire and frame, the electric current is due to electron current which is in the opposite direction of the electric current.
Editor’s note, 2/13/2020: Per reader requests, we have uploaded model files to go along with this blog post to the Application Gallery entry “ Potential Profile in Batteries and Electrochemical Cells “. We find out if the electric currents in batteries flow backwards by studying the potential profile inside a battery.
The potential across the battery during discharge. Note that there is a slope in the potential in the metal strips (blue and red lines) due to Ohmic drop. Note that in metals, the current is conducted by electrons, but by definition, in the opposite direction to the electric current.
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