Dong et al. (2020) examined the international competitiveness and trade cooperation potential of China and the USA in clean energy and found that China has a comparative advantage in solar energy and that China and the USA have strong complementarity in solar energy.
The general competitive effects at all the four stages from 2007 to 2016 were positive, indicating that the increase of overall competitiveness has promoted the export of solar PV products in China. The general competitive effect increased from 27.18% in 2007–2008 to 91.92% in 2012–2016.
However, research on the international competitiveness of China's solar energy export products based on the "Belt and Road Initiative," with all the trading items, are rarely investigated in the current literature.
China's major solar PV products have comparative advantages. The RCA indices of the major types of solar PV products in China are all greater than 1 with the only exception of solar related heaters.
In this case, the cost advantage of solar PV could be further amplified. The decline in costs for solar power and storage systems offers opportunity for solar-plus-storage systems to serve as a cost-competitive source for the future energy system in China.
Source: calculated by the authors based on UN comtrade database. Observing the dynamic changing trend, from 2007 to 2016, the market share of the "Belt and Road" countries in the export structure of China's solar PV products showed an upward trend, while the market share had dropped for all other countries in the rest of the world.
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