1 Introduction This report describes both mathematical derivation and the resulting software for a model to estimate operation and maintenance (O&M) costs related to photovoltaic (PV) systems. The cost model estimates annual cost by adding up many services assigned or calculated for each year.
In recent years, technological advances have allowed a decrease in the costs of manufacturing and operating solar photovoltaic (PV) modules. The global capacity weighted-average total installed cost, for solar photovoltaic projects commissioned in 2019, was 995 USD/kW; 79% less when compared to 2010 data.
Recommendations for future work include an encouragement for system and fleet operators to share their actuarial data on operations and maintenance in order to advance the accuracy and utility of cost estimating tools. Feedback from actual costs should be carefully curated to refine future PV O&M cost estimates.
This cost model was created with input from the PV O&M Working Group of researchers and industry, sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) 2016-2018. The PV O&M Cost model was developed initially as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and subsequently published as an on-line application by Sunspec Alliance at
The global capacity weighted-average total installed cost, for solar photovoltaic projects commissioned in 2019, was 995 USD/kW; 79% less when compared to 2010 data. The average module efficiency of crystalline modules has also increased; from 14.7% in 2010 to 19.2% in 2019.
It can be observed that, for the given combination of investment and maintenance costs, wages, energy produced and specific discount rates, one-axis tracking systems (either inclined or vertical) are the best option for every location considered. This tracking system provides a good balance between efficiency in harvesting solar energy and costs.
BUDGETING FOR SOLAR PV PLANT OPERATIONS
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