Another advantage calcium holds is its higher ionization energy. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium ionizes to form a +2 charge, compared to lithium, an alkali metal, that ionizes to form a +1 charge. “If we compare it with lithium-ion batteries, we could potentially double its energy density,” Dr. Black says.
Despite all the research in recent years, calcium batteries still have unacceptably short cycle lives. That’s why researchers in China are trying an alternative route to improving these devices. Rather than attempting to emulate the intercalation chemistry that drives lithium-ion batteries, these researchers are turning to conversion chemistry.
The amount of calcium available all over the planet offers the element a distinct advantage over lithium. “Calcium is one of the most abundant metals in the earth’s crust and has a very low price,” Ashley Black, a post-doctoral researcher studying next-generation batteries at ICMAB-CSIC, said in a You Maker video.
Lithium has reigned in the battery world for decades. Researchers have tried for years to make a cheaper, more sustainable successor to lithium-ion batteries by using the element’s more common neighbors on the periodic table. Sodium batteries are gaining ground, and commercialization is underway.
The new work proves that calcium can be a viable competitor to lithium in batteries, Hosein says. “These studies show good performance and nice chemistry, and they’re very exciting.” Batteries store and release energy by moving ions between two electrodes through an electrolyte.
First up, let’s explain the difference between each type of battery’s design. Calcium replaces antimony in the plates of the battery, giving it some advantages including improved resistance to corrosion, no excessive gassing, less water usage and lower self-discharge. This makes calcium the ideal option for under bonnet dual battery systems.
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