The solar panel angle, also known as inclination, refers to the vertical tilt angle between the surface of the solar panel and the ground. As the sun movement varies both geographically and seasonally, you need to adjust solar panel angles specific to the latitude, season, and time of day to maximize the power output.
Ideally, the angle of your solar panels should be equal or close to the latitude of where they are installed. As you go further north or south, the angle of the sun in the sky decreases. To efficiently capture sunlight, solar panels need to be tilted a steeper angle.
The tilt angle of solar panels should ideally align with the sun's path across the sky to maximize sunlight exposure. The roof pitch determines the initial angle which the panels are installed, and adjusting the tilt angle accordingly ensures that they receive sunlight more directly.
Add 15° to the altitude in winter and subtract 15° from the altitude in summer. This helps solar panels get the maximum energy radiation specific to seasons. For instance, Detroit is a latitude of 42° N. The optimal angle for solar panels in winter should be 42° + 15° = 57° in winter and 42 ° - 19 ° = 23° in summer.
There are two calculation methods that are popular in the industry. Calculate the tilt angle specific to seasons. Add 15° to the altitude in winter and subtract 15° from the altitude in summer. This helps solar panels get the maximum energy radiation specific to seasons. For instance, Detroit is a latitude of 42° N.
Ideally, to optimize energy capture, you should put solar panels perpendicular to the sun rays to allow the solar panel to absorb as much radiant energy as possible, resulting in the highest production efficiency. However, the sun movement varies specific to the geographic location, season, and time of day.
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