The disassembly of battery systems is a particularly relevant process in the battery cycle. It forms the starting point for reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling paths [ 5 ]. These downstream paths and the preceding steps before disassembly can be observed in the bottom section of the cycle in Figure 1.
As automation of the battery disassembly process must always be seen in relation to the subsequent purposes, the potential degree of automation according to the respective 3R scenario (Reuse, Remanufacturing/Refurbishment, and Recycling) was also discussed with the experts.
The removal of the battery modules is characterized by a combination of steps, starting with loosening the screw connections, finding the exact gripping points, and the hurdle of the highly adhesive effects caused by the heat-conducting paste. Therefore, 83.3% considered this step to be a challenge for automated process control. 3.4.
The design solutions are assessed from an assembly, disassembly and modularity point of view to establish what solutions are of interest. Based on the evaluation, an “ideal” battery is developed with focus on the hardware, hence the housing, attachment of modules and wires, thermal system and battery management box.
Example of a basic battery pack design together with the most relevant components. In most cases, disassembly begins with opening the battery pack. Either the housing cover or the switch box is removed first, depending on whether the latter is located on the outside of the housing cover.
Once the production of batteries has increased, automated disassembly can be introduced in the future. For this to be possible, it is important to consider the design of the battery and to make sure it has a minimized amount of materials and parts, in addition to suitable joining techniques.
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CMI researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory developed a robotic disassembly system for spent electric vehicle battery packs to safely and efficiently recycle …
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