Design a cooperation mode of new energy power stations and shared energy storage. Divid the shared energy storage into physical energy storage and virtual energy storage. Propose a two-stage robust optimization model with improved uncertainty interval. Construct an entropy weight modified Shapley value-based benefit allocation strategy.
Although energy storage at some time can chase the profit of electricity price difference, charging in the low price period (13 h—14 h) and discharging in the peak period (19 h, 21 h), the regulation function of energy storage is not maximized due to the different charging and discharging conditions among different NEPSs.
It is worth pointing out that according to the latest policy requirements of China, the future cooperation modes of NEPSs and energy storage mainly include three types: co-construction by crowdfunding (also known as cluster sharing), leasing and self-construction.
For the improved RO, comparing Case 2 to Case 4, we can see that with the addition of independent energy storage and SES, the alliance's ability to response to uncertainty increases, which makes the pole value shrink from 1 to 0.9, and then to 0.4, and the income increases twice, with the increase rates of 6.69% and 3.39% respectively.
Shared energy storage (SES). SES includes physical energy storage (PES) and virtual energy storage (VES). When the SES receives regulating demand signals from multiple NEPSs simultaneously, it integrates the scheduling demands of all NEPSs to determine the output of its PES and VES.
Finally, the new energy base in Qinghai Province, China is chosen for simulation. The results show: (1) Adding energy storage and using two-stage RO are able to effectively improve the ability of NEPSs to resist uncertainty, which increases the revenue of the alliance by 22.8%.
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